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Amikacin sulfate in the cat: serum, urine and uterine tissue concentrations
V M Shille1, M P Brown, R Gronwall
1Department of Reproduction, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Abstract:
Puerperal metritis and pyometra in non-breeding cats is frequently caused by gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to a variety of antibiotics. Amikacin has been found to be effective against pathogens associated with uterine infections in the mare and the woman, but its efficacy has not been studied in the cat. Serum concentrations of amikacin were determined in healthy adult cats (six male and six female) after administration of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg body weight of amikacin sulfate, each dose given subcutaneously (s.c.), intramuscularly (i.m.) and intravenously (i.v.) to each of the cats using a repeat treatment design. In a subsequent experiment, the six females were given 10 mg/kg s.c. amikacin and samples of blood, urine and full-thickness uterine wall were taken at 40 and 120 minutes after treatment. Mean serum concentrations of amikacin peaked between 30 and 45 minutes after i.m. injection and between 45 and 60 minutes after s.c. injections. The serum amikacin concentration curves were similar regardless of dose or administration route except for a slightly longer retention time after the 20 mg/kg dose given i.m. and s.c. After s.c. injection of 10 mg/kg, the mean uterine concentration of amikacin at two hours after treatment was 4.1 ug/g; the concurrent mean serum concentration was 18.6 ug/ml.
Insights
Amikacin shows potential for treating uterine infections in cats, reaching therapeutic concentrations in serum and uterine tissue. Further research is needed to confirm its efficacy against specific bacterial pathogens.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Pharmacology
- Companion Animal Medicine
Background:
- Puerperal metritis and pyometra in cats are often caused by antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.
- Amikacin is effective against uterine pathogens in horses and humans, but its use in cats is unstudied.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine amikacin pharmacokinetics in healthy cats.
- To evaluate amikacin concentrations in feline serum, urine, and uterine tissue.
Main Methods:
- Healthy cats received amikacin sulfate (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) via subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous routes.
- Serum, urine, and uterine wall samples were collected at various time points post-administration.
- Amikacin concentrations were measured using validated assays.
Main Results:
- Serum amikacin concentrations peaked 30-60 minutes post-injection, varying by route and dose.
- Subcutaneous administration of 10 mg/kg resulted in a mean uterine tissue concentration of 4.1 ug/g at 2 hours.
- Concurrent mean serum concentration was 18.6 ug/ml, indicating potential for uterine tissue penetration.
Conclusions:
- Amikacin achieves measurable concentrations in feline serum and uterine tissue.
- Pharmacokinetic data suggest potential therapeutic utility for amikacin in treating feline uterine infections.
- Further studies are warranted to establish optimal dosing regimens and clinical efficacy.
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