Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Rodent Estrous Cycle Monitoring Utilizing Vaginal Lavage: No Such Thing As a Normal Cycle
Published on: August 30, 2021
Electrical resistance of vaginal secretion in the bitch
A R Günzel1, P Koivisto, J A Fougner
1Department of Andrology and Artificial Insemination School of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover 3000 Hannover, West Germany.
Abstract:
Five multiparous and four nulliparous bitches had the electrical resistance of vaginal secretions measured by an ohmmeter. The bitches were examined daily, starting on the first day of vulval bleeding and continuing until the first day when exfoliated vaginal epithelial cells became predominantly noncornified. In contrast to cattle, sheep, and swine, the electrical resistance of the vaginal secretions in the bitch increases during pro-oestrus and continues to be high while the bitch is showing oestrous behaviour and a high percentage of eosinophilic superficial cells in the vaginal smear. Ovulation, as determined by a rise of serum progesterone above 5 ng/ml, occurs within the period of elevated resistance. Optimal conditions for conceptions coincide with the last 3 d of elevated resistance.
Related Concept Videos
Surface Membrane Barriers
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
Resistance
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract
Electrical Transport
Resistivity
Ohm's Law
This current-resisting behavior of resistors is governed by Ohm's law, which states that the voltage across a resistor is directly proportional to the current flowing through it.

