Diphallia in a mixed-breed dog with multiple anomalies

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Urology
• Developmental Biology

Background:

• Diphallia, a rare congenital anomaly involving penile duplication, is infrequently reported in domestic animals.
• Associated urogenital malformations can significantly impact patient health and survival.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a case of complete diphallia in a young dog.
• To describe the complex spectrum of concurrent urogenital anomalies.
• To review the literature on diphallia and related conditions in animals.

Main Methods:

• Clinical case presentation and post-mortem examination.
• Detailed anatomical description of the reproductive and urinary systems.
• Literature review of diphallia and associated anomalies.

Main Results:

• A six-month-old Poodle cross exhibited complete diphallia, duplicated urinary bladder, right renal hypoplasia, and colon bifurcation.
• The left urethra was patent, while the right urethra ended blindly.
• Pyelonephritis of the left kidney was diagnosed, suspected secondary to ascending infection.

Conclusions:

• This case highlights the significant congenital malformations that can accompany diphallia.
• The complex anatomy presented challenges for urinary and fecal outflow, contributing to secondary infections.
• Further investigation into the embryological basis of these combined anomalies is warranted.