A technique for transrectal ultrasonography of stallions during ejaculation

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Reproductive Biology
• Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

• Accurate visualization of stallion accessory sex glands and excurrent ducts is crucial for reproductive health assessments.
• Existing imaging techniques may have limitations in dynamic assessment during ejaculation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and evaluate a novel transrectal ultrasonography technique for visualizing stallion accessory sex glands during ejaculation.
• To assess the safety and efficacy of this technique in a cohort of stallions.

Main Methods:

• Transrectal ultrasonography was employed during ejaculation in stallions.
• Training protocols were implemented to acclimate stallions to the procedure.
• Image acquisition success and quality were recorded, along with factors contributing to unsuccessful attempts.

Main Results:

• The technique was effective, with 10 of 11 stallions tolerating the procedure.
• Acceptable visualization was achieved in 97 of 195 ejaculations (49.7%).
• Success rates were significantly higher in stallions >300 kg (65%) compared to those <300 kg (14%), with common issues including transducer placement and movement.

Conclusions:

• Transrectal ultrasonography is a safe and effective method for visualizing stallion accessory sex glands during ejaculation.
• Stallion weight influences visualization success, likely due to pelvic canal size.
• This technique offers a valuable tool for reproductive research and diagnostics in stallions.