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Equine arteritis virus.

A L Glaser1, E D Chirnside, M C Horzinek

  • 1Institute of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Theriogenology
|April 15, 1997
PubMed
Summary

Equine arteritis virus (EAV) persistently infects stallions, posing a venereal transmission risk. Identifying and managing carrier stallions is crucial for controlling equine viral arteritis (EVA) outbreaks.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Equine Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Equine arteritis virus (EAV) causes significant disease in horses and donkeys.
  • While most infections are subclinical, stallions can become persistently infected, shedding virus in semen.
  • Persistent infection in stallions is a primary driver of equine viral arteritis (EVA) transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of identifying carrier stallions for controlling EAV spread.
  • To review diagnostic and management strategies for EAV in stallions.
  • To emphasize the increasing prevalence of EVA and the need for intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Serological screening using virus neutralization (VN) test.
  • Virus isolation from semen for persistent infection confirmation.
  • Test mating as a diagnostic method.

Main Results:

  • 30-60% of acutely infected stallions become persistently infected.
  • Persistent stallions continuously shed EAV in semen, enabling venereal transmission.
  • Mares can shed virus in respiratory secretions and urine, facilitating aerosol spread.

Conclusions:

  • Identification of carrier stallions via VN testing and semen analysis is critical.
  • Management strategies include excluding shedding stallions from breeding or breeding them only to seropositive mares.
  • Vaccination with ARVAC or ARTERVAC provides protection against disease and persistent infection, crucial for controlling rising EVA prevalence.

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