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Related Concept Videos

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview01:28

Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview

The term "psychosis" refers to a spectrum of mental disorders characterized by abnormal thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors. It can manifest as mood disorders, dementia, delirium with psychotic features, substance-induced psychosis with psychotic features, brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Among all these disorders, schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder, affecting 1% of the worldwide population. Psychotic symptoms in all...
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy01:26

Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy

Antipsychotic drugs are a crucial treatment method for acute and chronic psychoses, bipolar illness, and behavioral disorders. The selection of these drugs depends on several factors, including the state of the disease, clinical judgment, possible drug interactions, and the patient's sensitivity to adverse effects. In immediate scenarios, such as delirium and dementia, short-term treatment with low doses of high-potency typical or atypical agents can effectively manage symptom exacerbation. For...
Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Typical and Atypical Agents

Antipsychotic drugs are classified into first-generation (typical) drugs including phenothiazines; and second-generation (atypical) drugs. Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (Thorazine), a phenothiazine derivative, broadly impacts the central, autonomic, and endocrine systems. This drug, along with typical agents like haloperidol (Haldol), primarily works by antagonizing D2 receptors, thus reducing dopaminergic neurotransmission. However, typical antipsychotics can cause side effects such as sedation...
Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects

Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
Despite these side effects, antipsychotics are used therapeutically for various purposes, including managing schizophrenia, preventing nausea and vomiting, curbing...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...
Drug Therapy01:28

Drug Therapy

The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications

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Updated: Jul 17, 2026

Ole Isacson: Development of New Therapies for Parkinson's Disease
23:53

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Published on: April 29, 2007

Why are doctors still prescribing neuroleptics?

B G Charlton1

  • 1School of Biology and Psychology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK. bruce.charlton@ncl.ac.uk

QJM : Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians
|May 27, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Neuroleptics, once hailed as a breakthrough, cause dependence and Parkinsonian symptoms, harming patients long-term. Safer sedatives should replace neuroleptics for behavioral control.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Two primary pharmacological methods exist for managing undesired behavior: sedation and neuroleptics.
  • Neuroleptics were historically significant for managing agitation without inducing sedation.
  • Their mechanism involves inducing psychological Parkinsonism, characterized by emotional blunting and demotivation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically re-evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of neuroleptic medications.
  • To examine the adverse effects and dependence potential associated with chronic neuroleptic use.
  • To advocate for the replacement of neuroleptics with safer alternatives.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on neuroleptic pharmacology and clinical outcomes.

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  • Analysis of the historical interpretation of neuroleptic therapy in psychiatric treatment.
  • Comparative assessment of neuroleptics versus sedative agents for behavioral suppression.

    • Main Results:

    • Chronic neuroleptic use leads to dependence and significant harm, outweighing benefits.
    • Atypical neuroleptics offer limited improvement at the cost of severe side effects.
    • The widespread use of neuroleptics may have been a misinterpretation of schizophrenia treatment, creating millions of iatrogenic Parkinsonian patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Neuroleptic therapy has had detrimental long-term consequences, impacting patient well-being and the reputation of psychiatry.
    • A shift towards gentler, safer sedative medications is urgently recommended.
    • Except in extreme cases, neuroleptics should be phased out in favor of alternative treatments.