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Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: an emerging obstetric pathogen?
Denise J Jamieson1, Athena P Kourtis, Michael Bell
1Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|May 30, 2006
Summary
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) causes infections in organ transplant recipients and is a significant risk for pregnant women. Increased awareness is crucial, as LCMV can lead to fetal complications and birth defects.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Obstetrics & Gynecology
Background:
- A 2005 report highlighted a cluster of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infections in solid organ recipients, increasing clinical interest.
- Human LCMV infections stem from direct or indirect contact with rodents.
- LCMV is a potential under-recognized cause of miscarriage and fetal developmental abnormalities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To raise awareness of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) as a pathogen of concern.
- To inform obstetricians about the risks of LCMV infection during pregnancy.
- To highlight the teratogenic potential of LCMV in congenital infections.
Main Methods:
- Review of reported cases of congenital LCMV infections.
- Analysis of clinical characteristics in affected infants.
- Assessment of transmission routes and risk factors.
Main Results:
- 54 cases of congenital LCMV have been reported since 1955, with a notable increase in diagnoses since 1993 (34 cases).
- Predominant features in infants with congenital LCMV include chorioretinitis and hydrocephalus.
- Rodent exposure is the primary route for human LCMV transmission.
Conclusions:
- Obstetricians must educate pregnant patients about the risks associated with rodent exposure (laboratory, pet, and wild).
- Congenital LCMV infection poses significant risks, including fetal loss and teratogenesis.
- Increased vigilance and awareness are necessary for early diagnosis and management of LCMV.
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