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Not all that moves is tardive dyskinesia
1Neuropsychiatry Branch, NIMH Neuroscience Center, St. Elizabeths Hospital, Washington, DC 20032.
The American Journal of Psychiatry
|May 1, 1991
Summary
Differentiating tardive dyskinesia from spontaneous dyskinesia is challenging. After age 40, spontaneous dyskinesia prevalence is high, meaning many diagnosed with tardive dyskinesia may have other causes for abnormal movements.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Tardive dyskinesia (TD) and spontaneous dyskinesia (SD) present similarly, complicating diagnosis.
- Accurate TD prevalence estimates require adjustment for SD, as unadjusted figures are inflated.
- Age is a significant risk factor for both TD and SD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To estimate the prevalence of TD and SD across different age groups.
- To differentiate medication-induced movements from spontaneous movement disorders.
Main Methods:
- Reviewed nine prevalence studies on dyskinesia, correlating findings with age and neuroleptic treatment history.
- Defined dyskinesia by a score of ≥2 on the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) or equivalent.
- Calculated TD prevalence as the rate of neuroleptic-associated dyskinesia minus the rate of SD.
Main Results:
- True TD prevalence was under 20% for most age groups, with an exception in the 70-79 age range.
- A low correlation was observed between the rates of neuroleptic-associated dyskinesia and SD.
Conclusions:
- Spontaneous dyskinesia prevalence increases significantly after age 40.
- A substantial proportion of individuals diagnosed with TD after age 40 may have abnormal movements due to non-neuroleptic causes.