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Related Concept Videos

Protein Organization01:13

Protein Organization

Overview
Protein Folding01:22

Protein Folding

Overview
Protein and Protein Structure02:15

Protein and Protein Structure

Proteins are one of the most abundant organic molecules in living systems and have the most diverse range of functions of all macromolecules. Proteins may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective. They may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes. Their structures, like their functions, vary greatly. They are all, however, amino acid polymers arranged in a linear sequence.
A protein's shape is critical to its function. For example, an enzyme can...
Globular and Fibrous Proteins02:21

Globular and Fibrous Proteins

Many proteins can be classified into two distinct subtypes - globular or fibrous. These two types differ in their shapes and solubilities.
Globular proteins are also known as spheroproteins and typically are approximately round in shape. They contain a mix of amino acid types and contain differing sequences in their primary structures. Globular proteins have many different functions, such as enzymes, cellular messengers, and molecular transporters. These roles often require the proteins to be...
Newman Projections02:06

Newman Projections

Different notations are used to represent the three-dimensional structure of molecules on two-dimensional surfaces. One of the most commonly used representations is the dash-wedge formula. The dashed wedges, solid wedges, and the plane lines indicate the groups situated behind the plane, coming out of the plane, and in the plane, respectively.
The organic molecules rotate across the single bonds leading to numerous temporary three-dimensional structures of varying energy known as conformers.
Protein Organization01:24

Protein Organization

Proteins are polymers of amino acid residues. They are versatile and responsible for different cellular functions, including DNA replication, molecular transport, catalysis, and structural support. Proteins have a hierarchical structure comprising at least three levels of organization: primary, secondary, and tertiary structure. Some large proteins have a quaternary structure where individual protein subunits are linked together.
The primary structure of a protein is its amino acid sequence.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles
10:23

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

Published on: May 8, 2015

A designed branched three-helix bundle protein dimer.

Gunnar T Dolphin1

  • 1Department of Chemistry-IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden. gunnar.dolphin@ujf-grenoble.fr

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|June 1, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Scientists designed and synthesized a novel branched protein using native chemical ligation. This protein forms a stable six-helix bundle, opening new avenues for protein engineering and functional design.

Area of Science:

  • Protein Engineering
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • De novo protein design aims to create novel protein structures and functions.
  • Developing methods for constructing complex, folded protein architectures is a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize a uniquely branched three-helix bundle protein.
  • To investigate the folding, stability, and structural properties of the designed protein.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized native chemical ligation for chemoselective amide bond formation between peptide fragments.
  • Synthesized a 43-amino acid peptide with a side chain thioester using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis.
  • Performed structural analysis to characterize the folded protein.

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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

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Design and Synthesis of a Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack
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Design and Synthesis of a Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack

Published on: August 15, 2018

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2026

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles
10:23

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

Published on: May 8, 2015

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Design and Synthesis of a Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack
07:44

Design and Synthesis of a Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack

Published on: August 15, 2018

Main Results:

  • Successfully designed and synthesized a branched three-helix bundle protein.
  • The protein folds into a stable, highly helical dimeric structure, forming a six-helix bundle.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of using native chemical ligation for constructing branched protein architectures.

Conclusions:

  • The designed six-helix bundle represents a novel tertiary structure in protein engineering.
  • This branched protein scaffold offers potential for introducing specific binding sites and novel functions.
  • The synthetic strategy enables the construction of complex protein architectures.