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Aldosterone remodels human endothelium.

H Oberleithner1, C Riethmüller, T Ludwig

  • 1Institute of Physiology II, University Münster, Germany. oberlei@uni-muenster.de

Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)
|June 1, 2006
PubMed
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Aldosterone causes endothelial cells to stiffen by increasing organic matter and decreasing water, making them vulnerable to blood flow. Mineralocorticoid receptor blockers prevent these effects.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Aldosterone induces endothelial cell swelling and stiffening.
  • The precise mechanisms behind these aldosterone-induced cellular changes remain unclear.
  • Amiloride-sensitive sodium and water transport are implicated but not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether intracellular water or organic matter accumulation drives aldosterone-induced endothelial cell alterations.
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of endothelial cell structural and functional changes in response to aldosterone.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized atomic force microscopy (AFM) for imaging and mechanical nanosensing of endothelial cells.
  • Quantified single-cell water content, organic matter, and intracellular pressure in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessed the physical robustness of aldosterone-treated endothelium to blood flow using an in vitro perfusion chamber.

    • Main Results:

    • Aldosterone treatment led to a decrease in HUVEC water content (82% to 71%) and a significant increase in organic matter (18% to 29%).
    • Intracellular cell pressure rose by 114% in aldosterone-treated HUVEC.
    • Aldosterone-treated endothelium exhibited gaps between cells after blood perfusion, indicating vulnerability to shear stress.
    • Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (spironolactone, eplerenone) successfully blocked aldosterone's effects.

    Conclusions:

    • Aldosteronism promotes intracellular organic matter accumulation at the expense of cell water, leading to endothelial stiffening.
    • The stiffened endothelium becomes vulnerable to shear stress, potentially explaining vascular damage in conditions like hypertension with high aldosterone.
    • These findings provide a mechanistic link between aldosterone levels and endothelial dysfunction.