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Adaptations during familiarization to resistive exercise.

Kristina M Calder1, David A Gabriel

  • 1Department of Physical Education and Kinesiology, Kinesiological Electromyographic Kinesiology Laboratory, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ont., Canada L2S 3A1.

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology
|June 3, 2006
PubMed
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Familiarization with resistive exercise enhances maximal isometric elbow flexion torque through neural adaptations in the biceps. Both one-day and multi-day familiarization protocols yield similar strength gains and muscle activation patterns.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Neuromuscular Adaptations
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Familiarization with resistance exercise is crucial for understanding initial performance adaptations.
  • The optimal familiarization protocol (number of sessions and trials) for maximizing strength gains and neuromuscular adjustments remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neuromuscular adaptations during familiarization to resistive exercise.
  • To determine if familiarization requires one or multiple sessions for similar outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-six sedentary females were assigned to one of two familiarization groups (15 trials in one day vs. 5 trials over three days).
  • Maximal isometric elbow flexion torque and surface electromyography (SEMG) of biceps and triceps were measured.

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  • Retention tests were conducted at two weeks and three months post-familiarization.

    • Main Results:

    • Both familiarization groups showed significant increases in maximal isometric elbow flexion torque (38.8%) and biceps (agonist) SEMG (29%).
    • Triceps (antagonist) SEMG and biceps-to-triceps cocontraction ratio exhibited significant, alternating changes throughout testing.
    • No significant differences were observed between the one-day and multi-day familiarization groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Familiarization adaptations, including strength gains and neuromuscular adjustments, occur similarly regardless of the initial contraction pattern (one vs. multiple days).
    • Increased torque is attributed to enhanced neural drive to the agonist (biceps).
    • Antagonist (triceps) cocontraction is modulated for joint stability during resistive exercise.