Biomaterials-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine solutions to musculoskeletal problems

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine offer solutions to a number of compelling clinical problems that have not been adequately addressed through the use of permanent replacement devices. The challenge will be to select the optimal combination of a biomaterial scaffold, cells, and soluble regulators for a particular clinical problem. For many connective tissues of the musculoskeletal system, with microstructures that reflect the mechanical environment, it may be more advantageous to regenerate the tissue (in such a way that they retain their phenotypic characteristics) and in the genetic engineering that has led to the production of growth factors and cloning of their genes.