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Updated: Aug 8, 2026

In Situ Microscopy for Real-time Determination of Single-cell Morphology in Bioprocesses
Published on: December 5, 2019
On the preparation, microscopic investigation and application of ISCOMs
Julia Myschik1, Dirk G Lendemans, Warren T McBurney
1School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Abstract:
ISCOM matrices constitute colloidal structures formed from Quillaja saponins, cholesterol and phospholipid. Addition of protein antigens to these matrices leads to the formation of ISCOMs. In this review we report on microscopic investigations of ISCOM matrices and ISCOMs as well as related colloidal structures, such as helices, worm-like micelles, ring-like micelles, and lamellae structures. We briefly outline the immunologic basis for the use of ISCOMs as vaccine delivery systems, and describe the various methods to form ISCOMs. Negative staining transmission electron micrographs of all colloidal structures are presented and described. On the basis of our microscopic investigations, different formation mechanisms of ISCOMS are discussed.
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