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Published on: September 21, 2019
Endocannabinoids and the gastrointestinal tract
1Department of Physiological Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany. massa@uni-mainz.de
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation
|June 6, 2006
Summary
Cannabinoids, including THC, interact with CB1 and CB2 receptors in the gut. The endocannabinoid system offers a promising therapeutic target for various gastrointestinal disorders.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Pharmacology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Historical use of marijuana for gastrointestinal (GI) disorders.
- Cannabinoids, such as Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), act via CB1 and CB2 receptors.
- CB1 receptors are in the enteric nervous system, regulating neurotransmitter release.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the role of the endocannabinoid system in GI health and disease.
- To identify the endocannabinoid system as a potential therapeutic target for GI disorders.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on cannabinoid action in the GI tract.
- Analysis of receptor distribution (CB1 and CB2) and function.
- Investigation of pathophysiological roles of the endocannabinoid system.
Main Results:
- Endocannabinoid system activation protects the GI tract under pathophysiological conditions.
- CB1 receptors modulate neurotransmitter release in the enteric nervous system.
- CB2 receptors' role in the GI tract is still under investigation.
Conclusions:
- The endocannabinoid system demonstrates protective functions in the GI tract.
- Targeting the endocannabinoid system presents a promising therapeutic avenue for inflammatory bowel diseases, functional bowel diseases, and secretion/motility disorders.
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