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Published on: February 6, 2021
Post-traumatic fungal endophthalmitis--a prospective study
A Gupta1, R Srinivasan, S Kaliaperumal
1Department of Ophthalmology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India. arvind_ophthal@yahoo.co.in
Purpose:
To study the incidence, clinical presentation, and the response of anti-fungals in cases of fungal endophthalmitis following open globe injury.
Methods:
This is a prospective study of eight cases of post-traumatic fungal endophthalmitis among 110 patients who presented to us with open globe injury between August 2003 and January 2005. Patients with panophthalmitis were eviscerated and rest received intravitreal amphotericin B. Pars plana vitrectomy along with intravitreal miconazole was given in patients with inadequate response to intravitreal amphotericin.
Results:
Two patients had panophthalmitis at the time of presentation and were eviscerated. Six different organisms were isolated from the culture of intraocular specimen of eight patients. The yield of vitreous aspirate was 87.5% and that of aqueous aspirate was 66.6%. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were isolated in 62.5% of cases. Minimum inhibitory concentration of amphotericin B and miconazole was less than 3 microg/ml for all organisms except for Paecilomyces lilacinus and Fusarium solani, respectively. In total, 37.5% of patient had final visual acuity of 20/400 or better.
Conclusions:
Fungal endophthalmitis is a relatively rare complication of open globe injury. The final visual outcome after fungal endophthalmitis is dismal. Aspergillus fumigatus was found to be the most virulent organism. All organisms were found to be sensitive to amphotericin B, except P. lilacinus, which was sensitive to miconazole. Repeated intravitreal injection may be required to control the infection. The virulence of the organism and the site of injury are the main determinants of final visual outcome.
Insights
Fungal endophthalmitis after open globe injury is rare but has a poor visual outcome. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most virulent, with most fungi sensitive to amphotericin B or miconazole.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Infectious Diseases
- Microbiology
Background:
- Fungal endophthalmitis is a severe complication following open globe injuries.
- Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for visual preservation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the incidence and clinical presentation of fungal endophthalmitis post-open globe injury.
- To evaluate the efficacy of antifungal treatments in these cases.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study of 8 patients with fungal endophthalmitis out of 110 open globe injuries.
- Treatment included intravitreal amphotericin B, with miconazole added for inadequate response.
- Pars plana vitrectomy was performed in select cases.
Main Results:
- Aspergillus and Fusarium species were the most common isolates (62.5%).
- Intraocular specimen yield was high (vitreous 87.5%, aqueous 66.6%).
- 37.5% of patients achieved a final visual acuity of 20/400 or better.
Conclusions:
- Fungal endophthalmitis post-open globe injury has a dismal visual prognosis.
- Aspergillus fumigatus demonstrated high virulence.
- Antifungal sensitivity varied, with P. lilacinus requiring miconazole; repeated intravitreal injections may be necessary.