Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 8, 2026
06:46
A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
Published on: July 5, 2022
What determines the cost-effectiveness of diabetes screening?
1Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Elsie Widdowson Laboratories, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK.
Diabetologia
|June 6, 2006
Summary
Cost-effectiveness of diabetes screening remains uncertain due to unknown treatment effects. Further research is needed to clarify these uncertainties and inform policy decisions on screening for diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
Area of Science:
- Health economics
- Epidemiology
- Clinical decision analysis
Background:
- The cost-effectiveness of diabetes screening is not well-established.
- Previous models have not adequately addressed uncertainty.
- Cardiovascular disease (CHD) risk is a key outcome for diabetes management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To model the cost-effectiveness of diabetes screening, incorporating uncertainty.
- To identify key parameters influencing cost-effectiveness, particularly CHD risk reduction.
Main Methods:
- Utilized population data from the Danish Inter99 study.
- Simulated a theoretical population of 1,000,000 individuals.
- Employed probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses to assess uncertainty in CHD risk and treatment effects using the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine.
Main Results:
- The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio varied widely (95% CI £23,300-£82,000) in the least conservative model.
- Uncertainty was primarily driven by treatment risk reduction parameters and the UKPDS risk model intercept.
- Cost-effectiveness was not sensitive to screening group selection or costs, but strongly influenced by treatment combination assumptions.
Conclusions:
- Significant uncertainty exists regarding the cost-effectiveness of diabetes screening.
- The impact of treatment on risk reduction is the most critical and uncertain parameter.
- Health care modeling can pinpoint areas for future research to resolve policy-relevant uncertainties.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
01:15Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
01:15Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
01:36Carbohydrate Metabolism
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...