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Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Particle-bound Bet v 1 Allergen in PM10

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Particle-bound Bet v 1 Allergen in PM10

Published on: November 19, 2016

Search for low-allergenic apple cultivars for birch-pollen-allergic patients: is there a correlation between in vitro

R Asero¹, G Marzban, A Martinelli

¹Ambulatorio di Allergologia, Clinica San Carlo, Paderno Dugnano, MI, Italy.

European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

|June 7, 2006

Summary

Birch pollen allergy patients often react to apples. Even apples with low Mal d 1 allergen content can cause symptoms, showing significant variability in patient responses and apple allergen levels.

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Area of Science:

Food allergy research
Immunology
Plant biochemistry

Background:

Birch pollen allergy (Bet v 1) frequently leads to cross-reactive food allergies, particularly to apples.
Apple allergy is primarily linked to the Mal d 1 protein, a homolog of Bet v 1.
Variability in Mal d 1 content across apple cultivars suggests potential for differential allergenicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if apple cultivars with reduced Mal d 1 levels are better tolerated by allergic individuals.
To compare the clinical reactivity of apple-allergic patients to different apple cultivars based on their Mal d 1 content.

Main Methods:

Quantification of Mal d 1 in various apple cultivars using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Skin prick testing (SPT) and oral food challenges were performed on apple-allergic patients using selected high (Golden Delicious) and low (Orim, G 198, Vienna) Mal d 1 cultivars.

Main Results:

No significant difference in skin wheal size was observed across the tested cultivars for most patients.
Oral challenges revealed that no patient was completely asymptomatic, even with low-allergen apples.
Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) severity was comparable between high and low allergenicity apples in some cases, with specific cultivars eliciting more severe reactions in a subset of patients.

Conclusions:

Significant inter-patient and inter/intra-apple variability in Mal d 1 allergenicity exists.
Apples classified as low in Mal d 1 can still trigger clinical symptoms and skin reactivity in birch pollen-allergic individuals.
Continued research into diverse apple germplasm, including cultivars, breeding lines, and wild species, is crucial for identifying truly low-allergenic varieties.