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Pressure on the patient.

J T Scales1

  • 1Department of Biomechanical Engineering, The Institute of Orthopaedics, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middlesex.

Journal of Tissue Viability
|June 7, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Pressure sores occur when prolonged pressure cuts off blood supply, leading to tissue death. Patient support systems can prevent this by ensuring pressure per unit area stays below a critical threshold.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Pressure sores, also known as bedsores or decubitus ulcers, are injuries to skin and underlying tissue.
  • They are primarily caused by prolonged pressure that impedes blood supply to the affected tissues, leading to ischemia and necrosis.
  • Immobility and impaired pain sensation are key contributing factors in patients susceptible to pressure sores.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the primary cause of pressure sore development.
  • To establish the criteria for designing effective patient-support systems to prevent pressure sores.
  • To outline the principles of pressure redistribution for tissue viability.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews the physiological mechanisms underlying pressure sore formation.

Related Experiment Videos

  • It analyzes the relationship between applied pressure, tissue perfusion, and tissue viability.
  • It proposes design considerations for patient support surfaces based on biomechanical principles.

    • Main Results:

    • Prolonged occlusion of blood vessels due to sustained pressure is the direct cause of tissue death in pressure sores.
    • The available body surface area allows for the design of support systems that can manage pressure distribution.
    • Preventing pressure from exceeding a critical threshold per unit area is achievable through appropriate support system design.

    Conclusions:

    • Pressure sores are preventable by managing pressure distribution on the body.
    • Effective patient-support systems are crucial for mitigating the risk of pressure-induced tissue damage.
    • Understanding the critical pressure thresholds is key to designing optimal support surfaces.