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Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion at birth in intrauterine growth retarded infants

Sajita Setia1, M G Sridhar, Vishnu Bhat

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India. saj_setiya@yahoo.co.in

Pathology
|June 7, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) infants at birth are hypoglycemic, hypoinsulinemic, and show increased insulin sensitivity with decreased pancreatic beta-cell function. Insulin levels correlate more strongly with ponderal index than birth weight in these infants.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Metabolism
  • Endocrinology
  • Perinatal Medicine

Background:

  • Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) affects fetal development, potentially impacting neonatal metabolic status.
  • Understanding the endocrine profile of IUGR infants at birth is crucial for early intervention and long-term health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, and the relationship between insulin levels, birth weight, and ponderal index in newborns with IUGR at birth.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study involving 30 IUGR and 30 healthy term newborns delivered vaginally.
  • Cord blood samples were collected at delivery to measure plasma glucose and insulin levels.

Main Results:

  • IUGR newborns exhibited lower plasma glucose and insulin levels compared to healthy controls.
  • Insulin sensitivity was significantly higher in IUGR infants, indicated by G/I ratio, HOMA IS, and QUICKI.
  • Pancreatic beta-cell function, assessed by I/G ratio, was decreased in IUGR infants. Insulin levels showed a stronger correlation with ponderal index than birth weight in both groups.

Conclusions:

  • At birth, IUGR infants present with hypoglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and reduced pancreatic beta-cell function.
  • Insulin levels demonstrate a more robust correlation with ponderal index than with birth weight in IUGR neonates.
Abstract

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