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Related Experiment Videos

Psychopathy/antisocial personality disorder conundrum.

James R P Ogloff1

  • 1Monash University, Thomas Embling Hospital, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia. james.ogloff@med.monash.edu.au

The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
|June 8, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, and dissocial personality disorder are distinct. Research using the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) for psychopathy may not apply to antisocial or dissocial personality disorder diagnoses.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Forensic Psychology

Background:

  • Psychopathy is traditionally viewed as a personality disorder with affective deficits.
  • Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and dissocial personality disorder (DPD) are often conflated with psychopathy but are distinct diagnostic constructs.
  • The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) is a key instrument in psychopathy research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review historical and contemporary literature on psychopathy.
  • To compare diagnostic criteria for psychopathy, ASPD, and DPD.
  • To examine the assessment, prevalence, and implications of psychopathy, ASPD, and DPD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and contemporary research.
  • Comparison of diagnostic criteria for psychopathy (PCL-R), ASPD (DSM-IV-TR), and DPD (ICD).

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  • Analysis of prevalence rates and implications for violence risk and treatment.

    • Main Results:

    • ASPD criteria are primarily behaviorally based and over-identify individuals, especially in forensic populations.
    • DPD criteria incorporate affective deficits but do not fully capture the breadth of psychopathy.
    • PCL-R operationalizes psychopathy by assessing both personality and behavioral deficits, making its findings not directly transferable to ASPD or DPD.

    Conclusions:

    • The PCL-R assessment of psychopathy is distinct from ASPD and DPD diagnoses.
    • Research findings on psychopathy may not be relevant for individuals diagnosed with ASPD or DPD.
    • Clinical and research implications necessitate careful consideration of diagnostic distinctions.