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Updated: Aug 8, 2026
Fragility Assessment of Bovine Cortical Bone Using Scratch Tests
Published on: November 30, 2017
Clinical evaluation of the CRIF 4.5/5.5 system for long-bone fracture repair in cattle
Simone Gamper1, Adrian Steiner, Karl Nuss
1Equine Hospital, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Switzerland.
Objective:
To report clinical evaluation of the clamp rod internal fixator 4.5/5.5 (CRIF 4.5/5.5) in bovine long-bone fracture repair.
Study Design:
Retrospective study.
Animals:
Cattle (n=22) with long-bone fractures.
Methods:
Records for cattle with long-bone fractures repaired between 1999 and 2004 with CRIF 4.5/5.5 were reviewed. Quality of fracture repair, fracture healing, and clinical outcome were investigated by means of clinical examination, medical records, radiographs, and telephone questionnaire.
Results:
Successful long-term outcome was achieved in 18 cattle (82%); 4 were euthanatized 2-14 days postoperatively because of fracture breakdowns. Two cattle had movement of clamps on the rod. Moderate to severe callus formation was evident in 11 cattle 6 months postoperatively.
Conclusions:
Movement of clamps on the rod was recognized as implant failure unique to the CRIF. This occurred in cattle with poor fracture stability because of an extensive cortical defect. The CRIF system may not be ideal to treat metacarpal/metatarsal fractures because its voluminous size makes skin closure difficult, thereby increasing the risk of postoperative infections.
Clinical Relevance:
CRIF cannot be recommended for repair of complicated long-bone fractures in cattle.
