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Massive-star supernovae as major dust factories
Ben E K Sugerman1, Barbara Ercolano, M J Barlow
1Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. sugerman@stsci.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|June 10, 2006
Summary
Dust formation in supernova ejecta was observed in Type II supernova 2003gd. This suggests massive stars are significant producers of cosmic dust.
Area of Science:
- Astronomy
- Astrophysics
- Cosmic Dust Formation
Background:
- Supernovae are crucial for dispersing heavy elements into the interstellar medium.
- The formation of dust in supernova ejecta is a key process for early universe enrichment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate dust formation in the ejecta of a Type II supernova (SN 2003gd).
- To quantify the amount and timing of dust formation.
- To assess the role of supernovae as dust producers.
Main Methods:
- Late-time optical and mid-infrared observations of SN 2003gd.
- Analysis of mid-infrared excesses and optical extinction.
- Application of radiative-transfer models.
Main Results:
- Observed mid-infrared excesses indicating cooling dust in ejecta (499–678 days post-outburst).
- Increasing optical extinction and emission-line profile asymmetries.
- Radiative-transfer models estimated up to 0.02 solar masses of dust formed as early as 250 days post-outburst.
Conclusions:
- Dust formation in supernova ejecta can be highly efficient.
- Massive-star supernovae are likely major contributors to cosmic dust production throughout cosmic history.
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