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de FACTo nucleosome dynamics.

Danny Reinberg1, Robert J Sims

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA. reinbedf@umdnj.edu

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|June 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Researchers identified FACT, a protein complex, which enables RNA polymerase II to navigate nucleosomes during transcription. This discovery is crucial for understanding gene expression on chromatin DNA.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • Chromatin Dynamics

Background:

  • RNA polymerase II transcription on naked DNA is well-understood, but mechanisms on chromatin remain challenging.
  • Understanding transcription on chromatin requires assays that mimic the in vivo environment.
  • Previous research focused on identifying factors for transcription initiation on chromatin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors enabling RNA polymerase II to traverse nucleosomes on chromatinized DNA templates.
  • To develop an assay for measuring RNA polymerase II's ability to move through nucleosomes.
  • To elucidate the function of novel factors in chromatin transcription.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel assay using chromatinized DNA templates to measure nucleosome traversal by RNA polymerase II.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Isolation of the FACT complex (Spt16 and SSRP1) through biochemical assays.
  • Corroboration of in vitro findings with genetic studies in yeast.
  • Utilizing defined chromatin reconstitution and transcription assays.

    • Main Results:

    • Isolation of the Facilitator of Chromatin Transcription (FACT) complex, composed of Spt16 and SSRP1.
    • Demonstration that FACT facilitates RNA polymerase II passage through nucleosomes by removing H2A/H2B dimers.
    • Evidence that FACT functions both in vitro and in vivo.
    • Identification that histone H2B monoubiquitination at K120 stimulates FACT activity.

    Conclusions:

    • FACT is essential for RNA polymerase II transcription elongation through nucleosomes.
    • FACT functions by modulating nucleosome structure, specifically H2A/H2B dimers.
    • Post-translational modifications, like H2B monoubiquitination, enhance FACT-mediated chromatin transcription.