The role of platelet-rich plasma in sinus augmentation: a critical review

Although the lateral wall sinus lift is a predictable clinical procedure to increase vertical bone height resulting in implant success rates comparable to that of native bone, the issue of extended healing periods remains troublesome. Clinicians and researchers have investigated several methods, including addition of growth factors and peptides, to reduce this healing time and enhance bone formation within the subantral environment. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood product containing high concentrations of several growth factors and adhesive glycoproteins. The incorporation of PRP into the sinus graft has been proposed as a method to shorten healing time, enhance wound healing, and improve bone quality. This article reviewed pertinent literature assessing the effect of PRP on sinus augmentation. Currently, the literature is conflicting with respect to the adjunctive use of PRP in sinus augmentation. Factors that may contribute to this variability include variable/inappropriate study design, underpowered studies, differing platelet yields, and differing graft materials used. In addition, methods of quantifying bone regeneration and wound healing differ between studies. At present, because of limited scientific evidence, the adjunctive use of PRP in sinus augmentation cannot be recommended. Further prospective clinical trials are urgently needed.