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[Diarrhea and vaccines: current developments].

¹Médecin associé, PMU, Lausanne et Neuchatel. pierrelandry@swissonline.ch

Revue Medicale Suisse

|June 14, 2006

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Diarrhoea remains a significant health issue globally, particularly for travelers and children. While some vaccines exist, their efficacy is limited, and new options are costly or under development.

Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Vaccinology
Public Health

Context:

Diarrhoea poses a major global health challenge, affecting travelers, developing populations, and children.
Existing vaccines, like the cholera vaccine, offer limited cross-protection against common diarrheal pathogens such as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC).
Rotavirus vaccines primarily target infant diarrhoea, with minimal impact on traveler's diarrhoea.

Purpose:

To review the current landscape of diarrhoeal diseases, available vaccines, and emerging vaccine candidates.
To highlight the limitations of current prophylactic measures against traveller's diarrhoea and other forms of infectious diarrhoea.
To discuss the challenges in developing and deploying cost-effective diarrhoeal disease vaccines for vulnerable populations.

Summary:

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The cholera vaccine provides some protection against ETEC but shows only 23% efficacy against all-cause traveler's diarrhoea.
New vaccines under development show promise in efficacy and tolerability but are currently too expensive for resource-limited settings.
The live oral Ty21a vaccine is still used for specific indications but has suboptimal efficacy, with a new oral vaccine in development.

Impact:

Identifies critical unmet needs in diarrhoeal disease prevention, especially for travelers and in developing countries.
Underscores the economic barriers to accessing advanced vaccine technologies in regions where they are most needed.
Highlights the ongoing research and development efforts to create more effective and accessible diarrhoeal disease vaccines.