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Paraneoplastic syndromes affecting the nervous system.

Robert B Darnell1, Jerome B Posner

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. darnelr@rockefeller.edu

Seminars in Oncology
|June 14, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders (PND) involve nervous system dysfunction linked to remote cancer, often lung or gynecologic tumors. An autoimmune response, triggered by cancer cells expressing neural antigens, causes these PND symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Paraneoplastic neurologic disorders (PND) are a diverse group of diseases.
  • Neurologic dysfunction occurs in patients with a remote cancer.
  • PND commonly associate with lung cancer (small cell) and gynecologic tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review currently known paraneoplastic neurologic disorders.
  • To discuss the pathogenesis of PND.
  • To explore the autoimmune mechanisms linking cancer and neurologic symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of PND.
  • Analysis of laboratory studies on PND pathogenesis.
  • Examination of the autoimmune response model in PND.

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Main Results:

  • PND can affect nearly any part of the nervous system.
  • An autoimmune response is the established link between neurologic disorder and cancer.
  • Cancer cells express neural antigens, initiating an anti-tumor immune response that leads to autoimmune neurologic symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • PND result from an autoimmune reaction triggered by cancer.
  • Understanding PND pathogenesis is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
  • The review covers known PND and their underlying mechanisms.