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Invasive fungal infections: a review of epidemiology and management options

D A Enoch1, H A Ludlam1, N M Brown1

  • 1Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Health Protection Agency, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QW, UK.

Journal of Medical Microbiology
|June 15, 2006
PubMed

Insights

Invasive fungal infections are rising in critically ill patients due to factors like immunosuppression and medical devices. This review covers fungal pathogens, risk factors, and available antifungal treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Fungal infections are a growing concern in intensive care units.
  • Candida spp. and Cryptococcus spp. are common yeasts, while Aspergillus spp. are frequent moulds.
  • Emerging filamentous fungi include Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp., Penicillium spp., and Zygomycetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and clinical features of fungal infections in critically ill patients.
  • To discuss factors contributing to the rise of invasive fungal infections.
  • To outline currently available and emerging antifungal agents.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of fungal infections in critically ill patients.
  • Analysis of epidemiological trends and predisposing factors.
  • Overview of clinical manifestations and treatment options.

Main Results:

  • Increased incidence of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients.
  • Association of invasive fungal infections with specific medical interventions and conditions.
  • Identification of key fungal pathogens and their clinical significance.

Conclusions:

  • Critically ill patients face significant risk from invasive fungal infections.
  • Understanding risk factors and pathogen spectrum is crucial for management.
  • Antifungal therapy remains essential, with new agents offering future hope.

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