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Proteomics and its role in nutrition research
Junjun Wang1, Defa Li, Lawrence J Dangott
1Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
The Journal of Nutrition
|June 15, 2006
Summary
Proteomics, the study of proteins, offers insights into nutrition research and health. This technology analyzes the proteome to understand nutrient roles and combat diseases like obesity and cancer.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Nutrition Science
Background:
- The human body contains approximately 100,000 proteins, collectively known as the proteome, which are crucial for physiological functions.
- Advancements in mass spectrometry (MS), including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and electrospray ionization, have enabled sophisticated proteome analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the significant potential of proteomics in advancing nutrition research.
- To highlight the role of proteome analysis in understanding nutrient metabolism, health, and disease.
Main Methods:
- Proteomics technologies, including bottom-up (e.g., 2D-PAGE, MIPT) and top-down approaches (e.g., SELDI), are employed for protein analysis.
- These methods involve either specific protein digestion or direct analysis of intact proteins after chromatographic separation.
Main Results:
- Proteomics can reveal profiles of dietary and body proteins, nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolism.
- It aids in identifying biomarkers for nutritional status and disease, and understanding nutrient requirements.
Conclusions:
- Proteome analysis is pivotal for addressing major nutrition-associated health issues such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
- This technology promises significant discoveries in human and animal nutrition research, impacting health and disease management.
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Related Concept Videos
01:33Proteomics
A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...
02:26Protein Networks
An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
These interactions can be represented through maps depicting protein-protein interaction networks, represented as nodes and edges. Nodes are circles that are representative of a protein,...
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01:21Overview of Protein Metabolism
Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
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02:02Genomics
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
01:33Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
This technique helps gather information regarding the protein from which the peptide was obtained and to study the peptides’ amino acid sequence. Identifying peptides from a complex mixture is an important component of the growing field of...
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