[Georg Kelling (1866-1945): the man who introduced modern laparoscopy into medicine]

On 23 September 1901, Georg Kelling (1866-1945) from Dresden performed a celioscopy with a Nitze cystoscope on a dog in Hamburg. This was the beginning of the era of laparoscopy.His doctoral thesis already reflected his early interest in the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. This experience, together with his knowledge on air insufflation of the abdomen, enabled him to be the first to develop the procedure he named "celioscopy." During this pioneer time of laparoscopy, he developed various basic principles that are still valid today and demonstrated astonishingly visionary skills. Although his pioneering achievements have hardly been acknowledged to this day, modern laparoscopy has confirmed Kelling's visions and scientific work in almost all aspects. His name and achievements have most definitely earned a place in the history of endoscopy.