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Multilocus sequence typing of bacteria.

Martin C J Maiden1

  • 1Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SY, United Kingdom. martin.maiden@zoo.ox.ac.uk

Annual Review of Microbiology
|June 16, 2006
PubMed
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Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) offers a standardized method for bacterial characterization using DNA sequencing. This approach provides a universal nomenclature and facilitates research in epidemiology, evolution, and pathogenicity.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was introduced in 1998 for bacterial characterization.
  • It utilizes nucleotide sequences of housekeeping genes for standardized data collection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a portable, universal, and definitive method for bacterial characterization.
  • To ensure a uniform nomenclature for bacterial categorization accessible via the internet.

Main Methods:

  • Examining nucleotide sequences of multiple housekeeping gene loci.
  • Making MLST data freely available over the internet.

Main Results:

  • Over thirty MLST schemes have been published, primarily for pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and some nonpathogenic bacteria.

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  • MLST data have been applied in epidemiological, population biology, pathogenicity, and evolutionary studies.

    • Conclusions:

    • MLST provides a standardized and universally accessible approach to bacterial typing.
    • Advancements in sequencing technology and bioinformatics tools suggest a growing application of MLST.