Hua Liu1, Hong Li, Wenjun Cheng
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
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This study developed a new injectable bone substitute material made of chitosan, citric acid, glucose solution, and tricalcium phosphate powder. The material was moldable after mixing and had varying citric acid concentrations in four groups. Researchers found that higher citric acid levels increased compressive strength and bioactivity. X-ray analysis showed the material formed hydroxyapatite and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous. Simulated body fluid tests indicated rapid ion deposition on surfaces. Cell tests showed good cytocompatibility. The material's preparation is simple and cost-effective compared to alternatives like hydroxyapatite and PMMA. The findings suggest that citric acid concentration is a key factor in determining the composite's performance. The authors believe this material could have promising medical applications due to its properties.
Area of Science:
Background:
Injectable bone substitute materials are increasingly important in orthopedic and dental applications. Traditional materials like hydroxyapatite and PMMA have limitations in cost and availability. Current research focuses on developing alternatives that maintain mechanical strength and bioactivity. Prior studies have explored chitosan-based composites for their biocompatibility and moldability. However, the role of citric acid concentration in influencing mechanical and biological properties remains unclear. This gap motivated the investigation of citric acid's impact on composite performance. No prior work had resolved how varying citric acid levels affect compressive strength and bioactivity. This study aims to address these uncertainties through systematic experimentation.
Purpose Of The Study:
The study aimed to develop and evaluate a novel injectable bone substitute material. The material combines chitosan, citric acid, glucose solution, and tricalcium phosphate powder. The goal was to assess mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Researchers varied citric acid concentration across four groups to observe effects. The motivation stemmed from the need for affordable, moldable biomaterials. Existing materials lack cost-effectiveness and ease of preparation. This work sought to provide a simpler alternative to hydroxyapatite and PMMA. The study focused on how citric acid concentration influences compressive strength and bioactivity.
The study showed that increasing citric acid concentration up to 25% increased compressive strength. Group D had the highest strength among all groups.
The composite used tricalcium phosphate powder as the solid phase and a solution of chitosan, citric acid, and glucose as the liquid phase.
Simulated body fluid tests assessed bioactivity by observing calcium and phosphate ion deposition on the material's surface.
X-ray diffraction showed the formation of hydroxyapatite and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous after composite setting.
Main Methods:
The study used four groups of cement with varying citric acid concentrations. Each group had 10%, 15%, 20%, or 25% citric acid in the liquid phase. Mechanical properties were tested using compressive strength measurements. X-ray diffraction identified the formed compounds as hydroxyapatite and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous. Simulated body fluid tests assessed bioactivity by observing ion deposition on surfaces. Cell cultivation experiments evaluated cytocompatibility. The setting times of the cements ranged from 5 to 30 minutes. Researchers analyzed how citric acid levels affected mechanical and biological outcomes. The preparation method involved mixing liquid and solid components to form a moldable paste.
Main Results:
Higher citric acid concentrations correlated with increased compressive strength. Group D (25% citric acid) showed the highest strength among all groups. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous. Simulated body fluid tests revealed rapid deposition of calcium and phosphate ions on Group D surfaces. This indicated strong bioactivity and potential for bone regeneration. Cell cultivation tests showed good cytocompatibility with the material. The material's setting time ranged from 5 to 30 minutes depending on citric acid concentration. The study demonstrated that citric acid concentration significantly influences both mechanical and biological properties. These findings suggest a direct relationship between citric acid levels and composite performance.
Conclusions:
The study demonstrated that citric acid concentration affects mechanical and bioactive properties of the composite. Higher citric acid levels increased compressive strength and induced faster ion deposition. The material formed hydroxyapatite and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous as confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Cell tests showed good cytocompatibility with the new biomaterial. The preparation method is simple and cost-effective compared to alternatives like hydroxyapatite and PMMA. The material's moldable paste consistency supports its injectable application potential. Authors suggest the composite could have promising medical applications due to its properties. The findings align with the authors' claim that citric acid concentration is a key variable in composite performance.
Cytocompatibility was tested using cell cultivation experiments, which showed the material was well-tolerated by cells.
The authors suggest the composite could have good prospects for medical use due to its moldability, bioactivity, and mechanical properties.