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Endocannabinoid-mediated synaptic plasticity in the CNS.

Vivien Chevaleyre¹, Kanji A Takahashi, Pablo E Castillo

¹Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.

Annual Review of Neuroscience

|June 17, 2006

Summary

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Endocannabinoids (eCBs) and CB1 receptors mediate a novel form of synaptic plasticity. This endocannabinoid system significantly impacts neural function and synaptic changes across the central nervous system.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Synaptic Plasticity
Receptor Signaling

Background:

Synaptic efficacy changes are fundamental to experience-dependent neural modifications.
The mechanisms driving synaptic plasticity are more diverse than previously understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the emerging role of endocannabinoids (eCBs) in synaptic plasticity.
To review the mechanisms and implications of eCB-mediated plasticity.

Main Methods:

Review of recent findings on use-dependent synaptic plasticity.
Focus on retrograde signaling via endocannabinoids (eCBs) and presynaptic CB1 receptor activation.

Main Results:

A new class of synaptic plasticity involving endocannabinoids (eCBs) and CB1 receptors has been identified.

Related Experiment Videos

eCB-mediated plasticity includes various forms of synaptic depression at excitatory and inhibitory synapses.

eCBs can modulate the induction of other forms of plasticity.

Conclusions:

The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is a significant factor in synaptic plasticity.
The widespread distribution of CB1 receptors suggests broader involvement of eCB-mediated plasticity in the CNS.