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Related Experiment Videos

Brain work and brain imaging.

Marcus E Raichle1, Mark A Mintun

  • 1Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. marc@npg.wustl.edu

Annual Review of Neuroscience
|June 17, 2006
PubMed
Summary
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Functional brain imaging techniques like PET and MRI map brain activity via circulation and metabolism changes. Recent research clarifies astrocyte roles, aerobic glycolysis, and neuronal input importance in brain energy.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Functional brain imaging (positron emission tomography, PET; magnetic resonance imaging, MRI) maps regional brain activity.
  • The imaging signal relies on local circulation and metabolism changes, termed 'brain work'.
  • Recent decades have seen significant advancements in understanding the cell biology underlying these metabolic changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress in understanding the cell biology and neurophysiology of functional brain imaging signals.
  • To highlight new insights into astrocyte function and brain energy metabolism.
  • To re-evaluate the neurophysiological basis of imaging signals, shifting focus from neuronal output to input.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on functional brain imaging.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of cell biology and neurophysiology research.
  • Metabolic and neuroimaging data interpretation.

    • Main Results:

    • New understanding of astrocyte roles in signal transduction.
    • Appreciation of aerobic glycolysis's contribution to brain energy metabolism.
    • Shift in neurophysiological focus from neuronal output (spiking activity) to neuronal input.
    • Recognition of significant intrinsic brain activity, representing a large fraction of overall brain function.

    Conclusions:

    • Neuroimaging, particularly with its metabolic perspective, reveals substantial ongoing intrinsic brain activity.
    • Understanding astrocyte signaling and aerobic glycolysis is crucial for interpreting brain imaging data.
    • The neurophysiological basis of imaging signals is better understood by considering neuronal input alongside output.