An update on localised prostate cancer

Prostate cancer remains a most intriguing condition, which poses unique challenges. On reviewing recent literature on localised disease (confined within the capsule T1 or T2, N0, M0), it would seem that it is over treated, resulting in significant morbidity. We now have strong evidence, however, that there can be mortality associated with 'watchful waiting'. Clinicians should, therefore, aim to identify men at risk of progression in order that they should be treated effectively with minimal adverse effects. In this paper, we report on recent developments in the expanding array of management options available.