Mechanism for sludge acidification in aerobic treatment of coking wastewater

This work was undertaken to investigate the cause of sludge acidification that led to disruption of the activated sludge process treating coking wastewater from a steel-making plant in Taiwan. An activated sludge reactor (ASR) with a working volume of 80 L was used as a model system to simulate the behavior of the real wastewater treatment process. Parameters that may cause acidification or inactivation of the sludge (NH(3), SCN(-), S(2)O(3)(2-) and CN(-)) were studied individually to examine for their effects on the performance of the ASR. The results show that high loading of NH(3), SCN(-) and CN(-) did not lead to pH decrease, while the ASR attained 85% COD removal and nearly 100% SCN degradation. In contrast, when the wastewater was supplemented with ca. 1,000 mg/L of S(2)O(3)(2-), the pH dropped to nearly 4.0 in 2 days and the COD and SCN removal yields were significantly lower (at 50 and 0-20%, respectively). Thus, overloading of S(2)O(3)(2-) was apparently a key factor causing sludge acidification. The results suggest that to ensure a normal functioning of the activated sludge, the influent S(2)O(3)(2-) concentration should be closely monitored and that the pH control of the ASR is indispensable when the S(2)O(3)(2-) loading is in excess.