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Updated: Aug 6, 2026

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins
Published on: March 22, 2012
Intracellular TLR signaling: a structural perspective on human disease
Michael V Lasker1, Satish K Nair
1Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. lasker@uiuc.edu
Abstract:
TLRs are crucial sensors of microbial infection. Maintaining structural integrity of TLR signaling components is essential for subsequent immunological protection. Alterations to the structure of these signaling molecules are often associated with profound clinical outcomes and susceptibility to various infectious diseases. These changes in structure are sometimes the result of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Numerous SNPs have been found in components of the TLR signaling pathway. Recently, the medical consequences and effects on TLR signaling of several of these SNPs have been elucidated. In addition, there have been numerous structures solved that are important to our understanding of the TLR signaling pathway at the molecular level. The scope of this review is to tie together current structural, biochemical, and genetic information of TLR signaling.
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