Obesity and assisted reproductive technology outcomes

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Endocrinology
• Obesity Medicine
• Gynaecology

Background:

• Obesity is a significant health concern in Western societies, linked to increased morbidity and mortality.
• In gynaecology, obesity is associated with menstrual irregularities, hirsutism, infertility, miscarriage, and obstetric complications.
• Obesity affects reproduction via mechanisms including insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and elevated leptin levels.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the impact of obesity on gynaecological and reproductive health.
• To explore how obesity affects fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
• To discuss the role of weight management and assisted reproductive technologies in obese women.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on obesity and reproductive health.
• Analysis of mechanisms linking obesity to reproductive dysfunction.
• Examination of outcomes in infertile women undergoing assisted reproduction.

Main Results:

• Obesity impairs reproductive function through hormonal and metabolic disturbances.
• Obese women experience lower implantation and pregnancy rates, higher miscarriage rates, and increased pregnancy complications.
• While the ovary is crucial, the endocrine and metabolic environment significantly impacts oocyte quality and embryo development.
• Recent evidence suggests the endometrium also plays a role in the negative reproductive outcomes observed in obese women.

Conclusions:

• Obesity presents a substantial challenge to female reproductive health and successful pregnancy.
• Interventions focused on weight management and dietary changes are crucial for improving reproductive outcomes.
• Understanding the multifaceted impact of obesity on reproductive processes is essential for effective clinical management.