Hydrogel polymer appears to mimic the performance of the GroEL/GroES molecular chaperone machine

Controlled protein folding/refolding remains a substantial challenge to the biotechnology industry. Robust and adaptable artificial polymer molecular chaperones could make important contributions towards solving this problem. Taking inspiration from the mechanism of the GroEL/GroES molecular chaperone machine, we report the preparation and testing of a selection of cross-linked thermo-responsive hydrogels, one of which is shown to assist quantitative refolding of a stringent unfolded protein substrate (mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase [mMDH]) during temperature cycling between hydrophobic and hydrophilic states. To our knowledge, this is the first hydrogel-only artificial polymer molecular chaperone to be derived, which is also potentially a generic artificial polymer molecular chaperone for use in a folding bioreactor.