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Changes in outlet densities affect violence rates.

Paul J Gruenewald1, Lillian Remer

  • 1Prevention Research Center, Berkeley, California 94704, USA. paul@prev.org

Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research
|June 24, 2006
PubMed
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Increased alcohol outlets, particularly bars and off-premise stores, are linked to higher rates of violent assaults. This longitudinal study highlights the impact of alcohol availability on violence, especially in urban areas with specific demographic factors.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Criminology
  • Spatial Epidemiology

Background:

  • Previous studies used cross-sectional data to link alcohol outlets and violence.
  • These studies identified relationships between alcohol availability and violence rates.
  • The current study is the first to examine longitudinal relationships between alcohol outlets and violence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal relationship between alcohol outlets and rates of interpersonal violence.
  • To identify demographic and place characteristics associated with violence rates.
  • To assess the impact of changes in alcohol outlet density on violence over time.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized longitudinal data from 581 zip code areas in California over six years.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Employed random effects models with spatial autocorrelation controls to analyze assault rates.
  • Incorporated population and place characteristics, including spatial lags of bordering areas.

    • Main Results:

    • Lower median household income and higher minority populations correlated with increased violence rates.
    • A 10% increase in off-premise outlets and bars was associated with 1.67% and 2.06% increases in violence, respectively.
    • Every 6 additional alcohol outlets corresponded to one violent assault hospitalization; effects amplified with larger male populations.

    Conclusions:

    • Assault rates are significantly influenced by median household income and minority demographics.
    • After accounting for these factors, increased numbers of alcohol retail establishments, especially bars and off-premise outlets, are linked to higher assault rates.
    • Failure to regulate alcohol outlet growth may exacerbate violence, particularly in urban settings.