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Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

The Nucleolus

The Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...

The Retinoblastoma Gene

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...

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Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry

Identification of Nucleolar Factors During HIV-1 Replication Through Rev Immunoprecipitation and Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 26, 2019

Nucleophosmin and cancer.

Silvia Grisendi¹, Cristina Mecucci, Brunangelo Falini

¹Cancer Biology & Genetics Program, Department of Pathology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA.

Nature Reviews. Cancer

|June 24, 2006

Summary

The Nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene plays a complex role in cancer, acting as both a potential oncogene and tumor suppressor. Its dysregulation contributes to cancer development through various genetic mechanisms.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Cancer Genetics
Molecular Biology

Background:

The Nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene is frequently altered in human cancers, including overexpression, mutation, rearrangement, and deletion.
NPM1 has historically been viewed as a tumor marker and proto-oncogene.
Emerging evidence suggests NPM1 also possesses tumor-suppressive functions, highlighting its complex role.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the multifaceted role of NPM1 in cancer biology.
To analyze how NPM1 deregulation, encompassing both gain and loss of function, contributes to tumorigenesis.

Main Methods:

Literature review of studies investigating NPM1 in cancer.
Analysis of genetic alterations and functional consequences of NPM1 dysregulation.

Main Results:

NPM1's dual role as an oncogene and tumor suppressor is critical in cancer development.
Various genetic alterations of NPM1 contribute to oncogenesis through diverse mechanisms.

Conclusions:

Understanding NPM1's complex functions is essential for cancer research.
Targeting NPM1 pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.