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Comprehensive & Cost Effective Laboratory Monitoring of HIV/AIDS: an African Role Model
Published on: October 31, 2010
HIV/AIDS in Ilorin: changing trend, emerging risk factors
1Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, P. M. B. 1459, Ilorin, Nigeria.
The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal
|June 24, 2006
Summary
HIV prevalence varied significantly across groups, with certificate screenings showing higher rates than blood donors or sentinel surveys. Targeted HIV prevention campaigns are recommended for traders, artisans, and those living apart from spouses.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
- Infectious Disease Research
Background:
- Understanding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity trends is crucial for effective public health interventions.
- Assessing HIV prevalence across different screening populations provides insights into transmission dynamics and risk factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze HIV seropositivity rates in blood donors, individuals screened for certificates, and sentinel surveys.
- To identify demographic and clinical changes in HIV risk factors and high-risk groups over time.
Main Methods:
- Data collection through questionnaires and clinical assessments.
- HIV positivity determination using two distinct Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELIZA) techniques.
Main Results:
- HIV positivity rates: <2% in blood donors, up to 4.3% in sentinel surveys, and 11% for certificate screenings.
- Observed trends include a decreasing male:female ratio, younger female patients, and a higher prevalence among traders and artisans.
- Common symptoms included weight loss, fever, and diarrhea; 41% reported living away from their spouses.
Conclusions:
- The high 11% HIV positivity rate in certificate screenings challenges the accuracy of sentinel survey data.
- Public health campaigns should specifically target artisans, traders, and individuals living away from their spouses for HIV prevention.
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