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The marked item technique: a practical procedure for litter control.

S C Hayes¹, V S Johnson, J D Cone

¹West Virginia University.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis

|January 1, 1975

Summary

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This study used a reward system to incentivize inmates to reduce litter in a correctional facility. The litter reduction program successfully decreased trash by over 50% in targeted areas.

Area of Science:

Environmental Psychology
Behavioral Science
Correctional Facility Management

Background:

Littering is a persistent problem in institutional settings.
Effective and unobtrusive methods for litter control are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of a reward-based system for reducing litter within a federal youth correctional facility.
To assess the impact of incentives on inmate participation in waste management.

Main Methods:

Unobtrusively marked litter items were introduced into the general trash.
Inmates were incentivized with money or privileges for collecting marked litter.
A multiple-baseline design tracked litter reduction across three distinct areas.

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Main Results:

Significant successive reductions in litter counts were observed: 55% (17 days), 88% (22 days), and 71% (36 days).
A control area with no intervention showed no systematic changes in litter levels.
The reward system proved effective in motivating inmates to reduce waste.

Conclusions:

Incentive-based litter control programs can be highly effective in institutional environments.
This method offers advantages over previous techniques and has potential applications in broader pollution control efforts.