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"Perhaps it would be better not to know everything.".

D M Baer1

  • 1University of Kansas.

Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis
|April 1, 1977
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Individual-subject designs, with their low Type 1 error probability, may yield high Type 2 error probability. This contrasts with group designs, potentially favoring individual-subject approaches for developing behavioral technology.

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Research Methodology
  • Statistical Inference

Background:

  • Statistical methods for individual-subject designs are emerging.
  • Comparing individual-subject and group-design paradigms is crucial.
  • Error probabilities (Type 1 and Type 2) are key comparison points.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the statistical interpretation of individual-subject and group-design research.
  • To evaluate the implications of error probabilities in each design paradigm.
  • To assess the contribution of each paradigm to behavioral technology development.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of statistical interpretation in individual-subject and group designs.
  • Examination of Type 1 and Type 2 error probabilities associated with each design.

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  • Conceptual evaluation of the substantive outcomes produced by each paradigm.

    • Main Results:

    • Individual-subject designs typically involve implicit, very low Type 1 error probabilities and high Type 2 error probabilities.
    • Group designs typically involve explicit, moderately low Type 1 error probabilities and lower Type 2 error probabilities compared to individual-subject designs.
    • The difference in error probabilities, though seemingly minor on a scale, has substantive implications for research outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • The individual-subject-design paradigm shows greater potential for advancing a technology of behavior.
    • The statistical interpretation of individual-subject designs, despite higher Type 2 error rates, may be more conducive to developing behavioral technology.
    • The utility of the individual-subject design orientation in behavioral science research should be maintained.