[Surgery in complicated colorectal cancer]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Surgical Gastroenterology

Context:

• Colorectal cancer (CRC) significantly impacts society, with many patients diagnosed late.
• Advanced CRC frequently requires emergency surgery due to complications such as obstruction and perforation.
• Emergency surgery for CRC is associated with high mortality and poor prognosis.

Purpose:

• To critically review the controversies and current evidence regarding surgical management of complicated colorectal cancer.
• To evaluate the impact of surgical resection on oncological outcomes in emergency CRC cases.
• To address the lack of clear oncological guidelines for urgent colorectal resections.

Summary:

• A significant proportion of colorectal cancer patients undergo emergency surgery for complications.
• Surgical resection radicality is crucial for curative potential, yet oncological criteria for urgent cases are poorly defined.
• Variability in treatment exists due to uncertainty in optimal management strategies.

Impact:

• Highlights the need for standardized oncological principles in emergency colorectal cancer surgery.
• Aims to reduce treatment variability and improve outcomes for patients with complicated CRC.
• Provides a critical appraisal to guide clinical decision-making and future research.