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Related Experiment Videos

Receptor use by pathogenic arenaviruses.

Therese Reignier1, Jill Oldenburg, Beth Noble

  • 1Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.

Virology
|June 27, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Arenaviruses like Lassa fever virus (LASV) use alpha-dystroglycan for entry. However, other arenaviruses, including Junin virus (JUNV), utilize different receptors, highlighting diverse viral entry mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The arenavirus family includes significant human pathogens like Lassa fever virus (LASV) and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV).
  • Alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG) is a known receptor for LASV and some LCMV strains.
  • Receptors for New World clade B arenaviruses, such as Junin (JUNV) and Machupo (MACV) viruses, remain unidentified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of viral glycoproteins (GPs) in arenavirus entry using pseudotyped retroviral vectors.
  • To determine the dependence of different arenaviruses on alpha-dystroglycan for cell entry.
  • To identify potential alternative receptors for arenavirus entry.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized pseudotyped retroviral vectors displaying arenavirus glycoproteins (GPs).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Examined viral entry into alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG) knockout murine embryonic stem (ES) cells.
  • Assessed the transduction of human and murine lymphocytes by arenavirus pseudotyped vectors.

    • Main Results:

    • LASV absolutely requires alpha-DG for entry into murine ES cells.
    • LCMV can enter murine ES cells independently of alpha-DG, even strains previously thought to be dependent.
    • LASV and LCMV pseudotyped vectors did not transduce human or murine lymphocytes.
    • JUNV and MACV GPs showed broad tropism across human, murine, and avian cells, including lymphocytes, without requiring alpha-DG.

    Conclusions:

    • Alpha-dystroglycan is not the sole receptor for all arenaviruses; alternative receptors play a crucial role.
    • LCMV utilizes an alpha-DG-independent receptor on murine ES cells, distinct from the one used by LASV.
    • Clade B arenaviruses (JUNV, MACV) employ a distinct, widely expressed receptor(s) for entry.
    • The glycosylation state of alpha-DG on lymphocytes may prevent entry by LASV and LCMV.