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Ultrasonic surface crack characterization on complex geometries using surface waves.

B Masserey1, L Aebi, E Mazza

  • 1Institute of Mechanical Systems, ETH Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. masserey@imes.mavt.ethz.ch <masserey@imes.mavt.ethz.ch>

Ultrasonics
|June 27, 2006
PubMed
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This study demonstrates a numerical and experimental method for characterizing surface cracks on complex geometries using surface waves. The technique accurately measures crack depth, even on real fatigue cracks, with potential for systematical error analysis.

Area of Science:

  • Non-destructive testing and evaluation
  • Computational mechanics
  • Wave propagation phenomena

Background:

  • Characterizing surface cracks on complex geometries presents significant challenges for traditional non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods.
  • Surface waves offer a promising approach for probing surface-breaking defects due to their sensitivity to surface features.
  • Accurate numerical modeling is crucial for understanding wave interactions with complex geometries and defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the numerical and experimental characterization of surface cracks on complex geometries using surface waves.
  • To validate a finite difference code against experimental measurements of surface displacement.
  • To develop and assess a method for measuring crack depth using time-delay analysis of scattered surface waves.

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Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulation using a finite difference code with Cartesian grid approximation for complex specimen contours.
  • Experimental measurement of out-of-plane surface displacement using a heterodyne laser interferometer.
  • Time-delay approach for crack depth measurement, coupled with filtering procedures to isolate relevant Rayleigh wave modes.

Main Results:

  • Excellent agreement was achieved between numerical predictions and experimental results for both cracked and non-cracked specimens.
  • The method successfully measured crack depths down to 0.7 times the surface wavelength.
  • Filtering based on surface wave velocity effectively separated crack-scattered Rayleigh pulses from other modes.

Conclusions:

  • The combined numerical and experimental approach is effective for characterizing surface cracks on complex geometries.
  • Detailed analysis of wave scattering phenomena via simulation is essential for accurate crack depth measurement.
  • Potential systematic errors, possibly related to inclined crack profiles, were identified in real-world applications.