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Diffraction aperture non-ideal behaviour of air coupled transducers array elements designed for NDT.

J L Prego Borges1, F Montero de Espinosa, J Salazar

  • 1Sensor Systems Group, Electrical Engineering Department, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, C/Jordi Girona, 1-3, Modulo C4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain. prego@eel.upc.edu <prego@eel.upc.edu>

Ultrasonics
|June 27, 2006
PubMed
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This study investigates air-coupled piezoelectric ultrasonic array transducers for non-contact material testing. Researchers found that matching layers alter transducer behavior, leading to traveling waves and modified radiation characteristics.

Area of Science:

  • Ultrasonic Transducer Technology
  • Non-Destructive Testing
  • Acoustic Materials

Background:

  • Air-coupled piezoelectric ultrasonic array transducers offer potential for non-contact material testing using Lamb waves.
  • A significant challenge is the impedance mismatch between piezoelectric materials and air, requiring adaptation layers.
  • These matching layers can alter transducer surface behavior and radiation characteristics, complicating simulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the acoustic aperture and surface vibration of an air-coupled piezoelectric array transducer with matching layers.
  • To characterize the traveling wave phenomena on the matching layer surface.
  • To compare experimental radiation patterns with simulations based on idealized apertures.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilized a concave linear-array transducer (64 elements, 0.8 MHz) with polyurethane and porous cellulose matching layers.
  • Employed sub-millimeter vibrometer laser scanning to measure acoustic aperture and surface vibration.
  • Applied the Impulse Response Method (IRM) for experimental and simulation comparisons.

    • Main Results:

    • Experimental measurements revealed an increased acoustic aperture beyond the physical element dimensions.
    • A non-uniform, symmetric apodized velocity profile with a concave delay contour indicated traveling wave phenomena.
    • Propagation velocities of approximately 2500 m/s and attenuation of 15-20 dB/mm were determined for these waves.
    • Good agreement was found between experimental radiation diagrams and simulations of an idealized rectangular aperture.

    Conclusions:

    • Matching layers significantly influence the surface behavior and radiation characteristics of air-coupled ultrasonic transducers.
    • Traveling wave phenomena on the matching layer surface are present and affect transducer performance.
    • The Impulse Response Method provides a viable approach for validating simulations against experimental data in such systems.