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Updated: Jul 26, 2026

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
Published on: February 28, 2012
Current strategies in the management of atrial fibrillation
Marjan Jahangiri1, Graeme Weir, Kaushik Mandal
1Department of Cardiac Surgery, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom. marjan.jahangiri@stgeorges.nhs.uk
Abstract:
Treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been undergoing significant changes recently. This is due partly to different mechanisms proposed for persistent and permanent AF and partly due to the introduction of energy-based techniques, providing less invasive procedures. This article aims to review the mechanisms of AF leading to the changes in clinical practice and to review the results of surgery, energy-based, and percutaneous techniques. It is difficult to compare and contrast the results of reported series in the literature due to different definitions of AF; freedom from and recurrence of it. Furthermore, in most series it is difficult to distinguish results of surgery for lone AF and AF associated with valvular heart disease and coronary artery disease.
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