[Botulinum toxin and chronic anal fissure]

Lateral internal sphincterotomy is widely used in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. However, it is associated with a high rate of irreversible incontinence. For this reason the botulinum toxin has become a medical means of reversible sphincterotomy. Indeed, this neurotoxin induces relaxation of the smooth internal anal sphincter lasting one to three months after one injection. We reviewed the published studies about the use of this technique in the management of chronic anal fissure. Healing occurred in more than 70% of fissures without irreversible incontinence. Although further studies are needed to determine the best modalities of administration, especially due to the remaining significant recurrence rate, this toxin may be a valuable treatment for chronic anal fissure in the future.