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[Vitamins and trace elements in nutrition. Update 2005].

Rainer Wirth1

  • 1Klinik für Akutgeriatrie, St. Marien-Hospital Borken. rainer.wirth@hospital-borken.de

Medizinische Klinik (Munich, Germany : 1983)
|June 29, 2006
PubMed
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Vitamin and trace element supplements are a significant market in Germany. While a balanced diet covers most adult nutritional needs, supplementation may benefit specific groups like the elderly, though evidence varies.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health
  • Dietary Supplements

Background:

  • Germany's annual vitamin and trace element supplement sales reach €1.2 billion.
  • Increasing food fortification necessitates expert viewpoints on supplementation.
  • Assessing the utility, risks, and benefits of supplements is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate appropriate uses of supplements versus a balanced diet.
  • To identify populations and nutrients where supplementation is beneficial or potentially harmful.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations on supplementation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of nutritional requirements in adults and the elderly.
  • Analysis of nutrient gaps in average diets (calcium, folic acid, iodine, vitamin D).

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  • Evaluation of scientific evidence for supplementation, including antioxidants and multivitamins.
  • Main Results:

    • A balanced diet meets nutritional needs for most adults.
    • Specific nutrient gaps exist for calcium, folic acid, iodine, and vitamin D.
    • General recommendations for multivitamin supplementation are not scientifically supported.
    • Elderly individuals often exhibit micronutrient deficiencies.

    Conclusions:

    • Supplementation should primarily address identified deficiencies, especially in the elderly.
    • Requirement-exceeding supplementation, particularly with antioxidants, lacks broad scientific endorsement.
    • Dietary intake remains the preferred method for meeting nutritional needs.